Gemstones are minerals, rocks, or organic materials that are cut and polished to be used in jewellery or decorative objects like sculptures and vases. They are valued for their beauty, rarity, and durability, and have been used for thousands of years for adornment and as a symbol of wealth and status. Some gemstones are also believed to have healing properties or spiritual significance in various cultures.

There are many types of gemstones, each with their own unique properties which determine its colour, hardness, and other characteristics. The durability of the gemstone depends on the properties of it. Some of the most popular gemstones include diamonds, sapphires, rubies, emeralds, and pearls. Other gemstones include amethyst, aquamarine, topaz, garnet, opal, and many more.